| Afonso I (c. 1109, Coimbra or Guimarães or Viseu – 6 December 1185, Coimbra), or also Affonso (Archaic Portuguese) or Alphonso (Portuguese-Galician) or Alphonsus (Latin version), sometimes rendered in English as Alphonzo or Alphonse, depending on the Spanish or French influence, more commonly known as Afonso Henriques (Portuguese pronunciation: [?'fõsu ?'?ik??]), nicknamed the Conqueror (Portuguese: o Conquistador), the Founder (Portuguese: o Fundador) or the Great (Portuguese: o Grande) by the Portuguese, and El-Bortukali («the Portuguese») and Ibn-Arrik (son of Henry) by the Moors whom he fought, was the first King of Portugal. He achieved its independence from León, in 1139, doubling its area with the Reconquista, which he carried until is death, in 1185, after 46 years of wars against the Moors. |